Fuck, wait. Adulthood? Damnit, y’all. As my mother pointed out the other day, I’m now a nearly 30 year old mother of two with a mortgage and multiple retirement funds. When the fuck did that happen?

ANYWAY.

As many do, on my runic journey so to speak, I started off reading Ralph Blum’s Book of Runes, a book I wouldn’t really recommend these days as the text left me unsatisfied. I wanted more. Where did the runes come from? Who used them? How do we know their meanings? In my research I was led then to the history of the European runes and to the rune poems.

If y’all have listened to me rant and rave before then you know that the Elder Futhark is the oldest of the rune alphabets and can be found on artifacts dating from the 2nd to the 8th century. The futhark consists of 24 letters often broken up into three sets of eight called Aetts- old Norse for Clan (Byock) and is thought to have originated from Old Italic scripts: maybe Etruscan or Latin. Some early estimates put the Futhark at 100 BCE while late estimates theorize that the Futhark was developed around 100 CE. Scholars believe the Elder Futhark was created by one person or a small group of people who came into contact with the Roman army. It is generally agreed that the Futhark was developed directly due to Roman influence. One theory suggests the alphabet was created by the Goths (“Britannica”).

A small note: The Viking age in Europe lasted from the late 8th century into the 11th century. The Elder Futhark pre-dates this era.

So if we aren’t 100% sure on the origins of the futhark, what do we know? Well, we think we know the order of the Elder Futhark thanks to the Kylver Stone, a flat limestone dating to the 5th century which was found in 1903 near a farm in Kylver, Gotland, Sweden during the excavation of a cemetery. The stone was originally found laying down, as it had been used to seal a grave, and when flipped was found to be inscribed with the (we think?) complete Elder Futhark  (“Britannica”).

The runes are also discussed in the Poetic Eddas, specifically in the Hovamol, a gnomic collection of poems, where Odin explains how he gained knowledge of the runes. Stanzas 139-146 are the Runatal, Odin’s Rune Song. Henry Adam Bellows believed parts of this poem to be remnants of an ancient oral tradition, but the only surviving copy is in the 13th century Codex Regius.

Below is Odin’s description of his trial to gain knowledge of the runes.

Stanza 139-140

“I ween I hung on the windy tree,
Hung there for nights full nine;
With the spear I was wounded, and offered I was
To Othin, mysef to myself,
On the tree that none may ever know
What root beneath it runs.
None made me happy with loaf or horn,
And there below I looked;
I took up the runes, shrieking I took them,
And forthwith back I fell.” (Bellows)

Now what really struck me during my research is that there is currently no evidence to conclusively suggest that the runes were ever used for divination. During the Sigrdrifumol in which Brynhild the Valkyrie is found by the hero Sigurth, she teaches Sigurth the magic runes (Bellows). So clearly the runes were thought to have magical uses, but are not attested as having divinatory uses.

Sigrdrifumol stanzas 6-12

“Winning-runes learn, if thou longest to win,
And the runes on thy sword-hilt write;
Some on the furrow, and some on the flat,
And twice shalt thou call on Tyr.

Thought-runes learn, if all shall think
Thou art keenest minded of men.” (Bellows)

So the runes for divination seem, to me, to be a pretty modern concept. The Futhark originally was an esoteric alphabet.

Oh, did I mention we don’t know the names of the Elder Futhark? WELL WE DON’T. OR. WE KINDA DO? The rune names of the Elder Futhark have been lost, but scholars have reconstructed the names based on attestations in the three runic poems which contain the younger rune alphabets (Anglo-Saxon Futhorc 5th-12th Century CE and the Younger Futhark 9th-12th Century CE). Now, that doesn’t means researchers are pulling shit outta their asses (I think), they have meticulously reconstructed the names we know the runes by today from these younger futharks as well as the gothic alphabet.

The Anglo-Saxon Futhorc and Younger Futhark are preserved in three poems: the Norwegian Poem, the Icelandic Poem, and the Anglo-Saxon Poem and are theorized to have been mnemonic devices to remember not only the rune names, but culturally important information (Acker).

If you’re setting off on a runic journey, I strongly encourage you to read these poems yourself and meditate on the runes. By exploring these poems I crafted my own meaning for the runes of the Elder Futhark. Because I’m not a scholar and I’m allowed to make shit up (I’m not really making it up) as long as I don’t try to pass it off as fakelore.

Because fakelore is bullshit. Literally.

~Lily

Sources

Acker, Paul. Revising Oral Theory: Formulaic Composition in Old English and Old Icelandic Verse. Routledge, 1998. Print.

Bellows, Henry Adams. The Poetic Edda: The Heroic Poems. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2007. Print.

Byock, Jesse L. Learn Old Norse, Runes, and Icelandic Sagas. San Bernardino, CA: Jules William, 2013. Print.

“Kylver Stone | Runic Stone, Sweden.” Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web.

“Runic Alphabet | Writing System.” Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web.

Now, you don’t have to!

Quickest of recaps
Echols was one  of the West Memphis Three wrongly convicted of murder and was finally released after spending over 20 years on death row.  His practice is Golden Dawn ceremonial magick.

Here’s what you get
The book is a curriculum of breathing and visualization exercises, the Middle Pillar, Qabalistic Cross, Lesser Banishing Ritual of the Pentagram, and charging water and talismans.

Seriously, it’s just Golden Dawn basics
If you’ve ever read anything about ceremonial magic or Wicca these will all be familiar to you even if they are called by other names or use  different flavors of gods and correspondences.

There’s a lot to write about the history of the Golden Dawn, who and what its influences were, and who it influenced in turn, but for brevity’s sake, I’ll just say this: If you don’t like angels, Yaweh, Jesus, or chanting their names in Hebrew, you will not be very into that system. Echols does address this rather expected trepidation, and I’ll expand on that below.

Surprisingly fluffy
This book follows the template established by Wicca 101 books such as To Fly a Silver Broomstick almost down to a page-by-page formula. It assumes no familiarity with the occult whatsoever.  Entire pages are wasted outlining eye-rollingly obvious steps like “turn off your cell phone” or warnings not to practice magick whilst driving a car. A lot of word count is devoted to pep-talks with the same meaningless platitudes found in every other New Age or self-help guide such as: “Try to remain open to the process and move forward with an open heart.”

Some Random observations
Despite the padding with hokey, fatuous woo woo, the straight-shooting prose occasionally delivers some refreshing insights into difficult to articulate experiences.

For example, in discussing astral travel Echols delivers a simple remedy, writing, “It took me about two years of unsuccessful attempts before I learned that astral projection didn’t have anything to do with leaving my body.  Here’s the trick: consciousness isn’t spatially bound.  That means that it’s omnipresent through time and space—infinite.  All astral projection entails is shifting the focal point of where your consciousness resides. For some people, this means visualizing a sense of travel, but that’s just one way to experience it.”  In another striking passage he describes his first encounter with an angelic force as appearing not as a blonde human with feathered wings but an awesome force abstracted as two triangles.

These accounts strike me as genuine.  During his talk, I was left with the same impression that Echols is a sincere magician.   He unpretentiously fielded a question about “dragon magic” with a candid,”I don’t know that is” (full disclosure, I’m not sure I do either) and that despite looking like a “metal guy” he mostly listens to uncool music like Keith Urban.

The conclusion I draw from this is that either the publisher explicitly ordered a benign beginners’ book or that Echols purposely chose to narrow his focus and depth for complete beginners and do so within the framework of familiar Judeo-Christian angelic evocation.

Echols stated that one reason he found the Golden Dawn effective in contrast to Zen Buddhism which he also studied intensively for years was that the Golden Dawn is a European tradition using Judeo-Christian symbolism that is readily intelligible to most Americans. Even if you are a complete atheist, to paraphrase the author, chances are you’ve stopped a at a four-way intersection and seen a church on all four corners someplace in your home town.  In other words, we all have some basic literacy with Christian traditions whether we want to or not.

In contrast, Eastern Traditions may present a steep learning curve when it comes to basic history, language, culture, and technical terms.  I can attest to this in my own study of Hinduism. So I can’t disagree with his premise that Hermetic Magic can be more approachable for total beginners. Buuuuuut….

Can I rant for second?
Hot take, I feel like the Abrahamic religions are simply not set up for transcendental, non-dual, mystical spirituality.

Echols admits that he grew up with a bad taste in his mouth from Fundamental Christianity and acknowledges that his readers may have too.  He explains away invoking Yaweh’s names as really being about the magician invoking his own personal divinity and invoking one’s own god-like nature.  Plus, Hebrew is an ancient and magical language.

That is true and I totally endorse seeing oneself as divine as a great practice. However, besides being a huge jerk in general, Yaweh is really emphatically against doing that.  Like 10 Commandments explicit about it.

So yeah, these practices are effective enough to work in spite of that, but I don’t see the purpose of swimming upstream trying to shoehorn what is basically watered-down Buddhism (and by way of piggybacking, the dharmic traditions Buddhism itself grew out of ) into a Judeo-Christian architecture.

Recommend?
With all that being said, how does this title serve as a ground floor introduction for complete occult newbies which is not anyone that reads this newsletter?  Effectively enough. It is a quick read with easy to follow, specific exercises.  In addition, Damien Echols’ biography is certainly more captivating than the personal anecdotes of your average New Age writers’.
Meh.

-Scarlet